Hair net or the like and method of making same



May l2, 1953 H. F. GOLDSMITH HAIR NET OR THE LIKE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed July 19, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet l H. F. GOLDSMITH HAIR NET OR THE LIKE AND METHOD OF MAKING SME Filed July 19, 1948 May 12, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Paiemed May 12, 195s H-AI`R1NE1 OR THE LIKE ANDMETHODIOF ,MAKING SAME lilenryF, Goldsmith,PhiladelphiaJa. n:Applicatien"July 19, 1948, Serial .N0.'39,403

1.5. Claims. `1 y The present inventenfrelates:tofhairfnets, and

it l relates `more particularly: to. haire-netsl of the -type wherein aJ generally; rectangular ,length of hopen-mesh fabric is gathered yalong two4 parallel sides and tied toforma generally concave struc- '.tureghaving-a rmouth orr opening` defined` by the oothertwo. sides.

An object of the present invention is to provide ,f a new and. improvedyconstruction for hair-nets.

Aanotherobjectofthe present-l invention is to ,.tproyidela hairfnetconstruction which issimple,

@inexpensive 1and durable, and which o provides iineatpappearance .and comfort. i Still another ohject of the present invention is to .provide a AA,constructionaof.thegeneral type referred to here- :Linaloova` Wellicht-is ypartieularly- Well-,adapted for use with. fabrics Woven Von knitted from `threads @of syntheticirplastic material, such as` nylon, or

like.

Other objects and advantages-intheconstruc- "=t i on' of thenpresentg-inyention are apparent in the followingfdetailedidescription, appended claims and, accompanying., drawings.

'i =t;,has heenfsug'gested inffthe past to .construct i; hain-net5 of; open-mesh fabric, Wovenpr-knitted yin-anyone :of variousydifferent Ways known in the art fto provideayplurality oilgenerallyA diamond-shaped .f-openings. As disclosed `in my f Patenti2,l04,538, eachhair-net `may be` formed from a generally `r,ectangul arsstrfip `of open-mesh material having a pair ofiparallel out qedges (the individualgpieceslbeingcut from a length of ma- Aterialas it comesirom the knittingmachine or glace-,machine orfthe like), and` apair of parallel houndor selvageedges (which usually incorporate elastic threadsto permitithemv toy be stretched); the gout.; Ledges A.being -shirred or, gatheredJ and fastened to provide g a @generally concave struc- ;ture having aA month, or opening by theselvage ,edges '.gwhilethese conventional fastening meanshave een acceptable With hair-nets constructed.-of .naturaliibers they; have lproven,.unsatisfactory l with: l :hairenets constructed off nylon hor.l other synthetic plastic threads Whichhavenanwexi knot.

(ci. 13e-49) tional resistance sothat they pull out `easilyfrorn the stitched or tied or knotted. constructions.

The present invention contemplates va new and .improved hair-net construction intended particularly for ,use with synthetic plastic materials ,and providing a vpositive `and secure fastening 4 structurefor the cutedgesv of: the hair-net.

f; Generally speaking;A the present invention coinlprellends a hair-net of the typedisclosedhere- ]oinahove, constructedi at least inpart Oithreads of synthetic 4plastic material Whereinthe gathered out edges are. generally permanently and inseparably connected by. tightly encircling sleeves cinclips "or tubes of `synthifztic plastic material i5` iusedlorbonded to at least some of the plastic threads of the hair-net so as to provide more-orless lintegral construction capable of resisting al1 .Y ,normal stresses during use.

;For the purpose of illustrating the invention, 2,0` ythere are` shown inthe accompanying drawings forms ,thereof which ,areA at presentrpreferred, although it is to be understood that the various .instrumentalities of which. the invention consists ,cyanbe variously. arranged .and organized' and 25v thattheinvzentionlig not limited to the precise arrangements and ,organizations of` thel instru- ,xnentalities as herein shown and described.

Referring-.to the accompanying drawings in which like ,reference characters indicate like parts 30 throughout:

.35` of?.alength oiopemmeSh or netted synthetic ,l plastic material from which a number `othairnets can be formed.

Figure Srepresents a ,more or less schematic elevational l ivievv,. `on, a u somewhat reduced' scale,

. l405,slricnivingthe manner inavhich .fastening clips are It has been oonvention-al,heretoforente fasten applied, to the length of .materiai or Figure 2 and the 4,length is iout into individual hair-nets.`

Figure li,represents a planuview, on generally the same scale as Figure 2, showing the appear- .45 `anceoan individual hairfnet `after ithhas heen ally on the same scale as Figure 5, showing the .fastening clip I as it would appear in opened or vsynthetic plastic material, such as nylon or the like, having an open-mesh structure' formed by intersecting chains IgG of any conventional woven or .knitted construction forming a generallyA diamond-shaped pattern.

The open-mesh fabric may be formed on a ldouble-needle bar' "warp-type knitting machine x having'` two independently-operable' guide-bars as' described in my Patent 2,104,538.

f-How`ever, it is to be understood that the presentinvention is not limited to the details of A,

construction of theiopen-me'sh material and can be used with 'all types of `open-ineshV material including materials otherwise knitted or woven, including material constructed on lace-making machines. Similarly, the fabric may have a hexvagonal or other pattern in place'of the diamondshaped pattern shown in the drawing. Y

AThe individual hair-nets are formed from an elongated length I Iy of the open-mesh material,

Vshown fragmentarily in Figure 2, having parallel 'jselvage'edges I2 and I3.

The selvage edges are formed withl elastic threads or strands (preferably consisting of an inner core of synthetic or natural rubber around Y which a textile thread of the same color as the hair-net is wound) over which the terminal loops 'of the chain I9 are passed.

- In the formation of individual hair-nets from the length II, shown in Figure 2, the length is first stretched in a manner shown in Figure 3 (wherein the rubber strands in the selvage edges l2 and I3 are extended to somewhat more than twice their normal const'ricted length)V to form the length of material into what resembles a I bulky cord or rope.

At predetermined intervals (corresponding to the lengths required for the individual nets) along the so-stretched length Il, pairs of synthetic plastic sleeves or tubular clips I5 are applied and fused, in a manner to be more fully described hereinbelow, so as to provide a small intervening portion or puff I6 therebetween.

As the nal step in the construction of the individual hair-nets, each intervening portion or puff I6 is cut generally along the lines I1 as shown in Figure 3, to provide each hair-net with a pair of small tassels I8 extending beyond each of the clips I5 as indicated particularly in Figures 4 and 5.

While, in Figure 3, the length of open-mesh material is shown as having a number of pairs of fastening sleeves or clips applied thereto, I prefer to apply one pair of clips at a time and thereafter to cut the intervening puff I6 (along lines I1-I1) before applying the next pair of sleeves or clips, in which case there is never any actual structure corresponding to the schematic showing of Figure 3 (wherein a plurality of pairs of fastening sleeves or clips are applied to an uncut length of openmesh fabric). v

However, itis to be understood that the process of the present invention also contemplates the affixation of a plurality of pairs of fastening sleeves or clips prior to the cutting of the length of open-mesh fabric into individual hair-nets or the like.

In Figures 8 and 9, there is shown, more or less schematically, a machine which may be'employed in axing the fastening tubes or clips to the strip of netted material and in thereafter cutting the strip as steps in the manufacture of the hair-nets of the present invention.

. Thus, the machine includes a frame indicated generally by the reference character I9 having an integrally-formed base 2 D which m-ay be bolted or otherwise securely affixed to a supporting table 2 I.

- The frame I9 is generally forwardly and downwardly tilted as shown particularly in Figures 9 and 10 and is provided with a shoulder 22which slidably supports a female die-member 23'to be hereinaftermore vfully'described.`

A guide-rod 24 is lfastened to the frontend'of the die-member 23. and extends through .an opening 25formed in the front end of the frame I 9. A helical-spring 26 is mounted on the guide-rod 24 and normally tensions the female die-lr'nember 23 to the uppermost position shownin solid lines in Figure 9.

'The die-member 23 includes a generally -J- shaped die 21 of metal or other heat-conducting material having an elongated lower arm"28,"a rounded bottom 29 and relatively shortupper arml 30 having yan uppermost beveled free edge lor shear-lipBI.

A` slot 32 extends generally centrally of the bottom 29 and the arm 39, terminating at about approximately half-way up said arm 3D.

A fixed cutting blade 33 is mounted upon the frame I9 so that its tapered cutting-edge 34 extends into the slot 32.

The die-member 23 is provided with internal electrical heating coils 35 whereby the J-s'haped die 21 is maintained at elevated temperature;

A male die-member 36 is bolted or otherwise rigidly fastened to the lower end of a shaft 31 which is slidably carried by an apertured""collar 33 formed at the upper end of the frame I9. The male die-member 36 is so dimensioned that it can move intermediate the armsA28 and 3D of the female die 21 in snug sliding relationship thereto. The lowermost free edge of the male die-member 36 is made concave as at 54 to provide an upper transversely-extending shear-lip 55 which coacts with the shear-lip 3| of the arm 30 to give l a cutting action as will be described hereinbelow.

A slot 56 extends upward from the edge 54 generally centrally of said die-member 36 and in alignment with the slot 32 and the cuttingblade 33. The upper end of the slot 56 is formed as a rounded enlarged portion 51 whose function will be hereinafter described.

The upper end of the shaft 31 carries a curved shoe or cam-follower 39.

A helical spring 40 is mounted on the shaft v3l so that it seats against the collar 38 and bears against the underside of the cam-follower thereby tensioning the shaft 31 upwardly so as to maintain the cam-follower 39 in contact with a cam 4I which is adapted to be turned by a shaft 42 from any appropriate driving means (not shown). I

It is apparent that rotation of the cam 4I will cause reciprocation of the shaft 31 and the male die-member 36.

Elongated strips 43 of flexible ysynthetic plas- .maestros :i5 scnnateriaL suchaasiac tateaGelIulcid-orathesIiKe. Yttfretwcund lonta .pairzufzspoolss:rotatabtyanounted on a shaft 45. l l

f .'flheestripsAS yextend y.downwardrnm..thespools r4.4 Rnd-pass overgrooves A6 -formed @a `fpovver- .1:0117 .mountedon` a .shaft 4:8.

.A gpair `of v idlerf-rolls 49 married .fby la yshalt 50 ,are adapted tdextend `within the v'grooves .e46 ;-and tto `bear` against `the `strips 43 so veasffto :provide the `:necessargv .friction to fpermit the :power-roll A1 to move said strips 43.

{Ehen-strips ||3.extend downward .ifromthe -rolls 41 `and 4,9 and through a pay-nut .member .5| v`which .isfmounted on a -shaftz52 .so thatfitsgflower- :moet nose or lpay-.out .tip f53 .is .somewhat :above `thhereeredge.3| `of the upper .la-rm :3. 'The'.pay- `.enit .member 5| is preferably of .generally itwoe piece .construction including matching Itop and l.bottom .sections 53 vand 5,8 which are connected by .a plurality 0f fbols :60. jSuicien't clearance .ifs .-Drevided 4intente,diste .the sections 5ta-and :te

to permit the strips A3 to .pass :freely :therebetween (under the actionof the `rolls 4'! aand 3.64187.) .'Ilhis elearanceniay .'heprovided `rhy :forming lmaattched grooves (notshown) on :the .adjoining l .farces of vthe sections 5i! and ,5 8. Instead, the l.bolts i0 can tbe se sonstructed .as :to space the .two Sections :apart asuciently to .provide the .necessaryclearance A l.basin .BJ ,is supported by `the `front .en d of f ,the frame .I9 yby means of .an extension arm 62. A .sponge or .other similar y.porous pad 63 is posi- .tioned .within the basin A155| .and .an appropriate .solvent for the synthetic ,plastic is fed thereto .from a reservoir through a-.delivery tube :515.

'Where the synthetic .plastic `employed is `acetate ,7(`, ,ellulod, a mixturelofjacetone andethanohpref- .erably (in generally equal .parte .-(rineasured either 'by .weight or by volume inasmuch as .they .both vhave a specific vgravity of .approximately 0.7.91) may Ebe used. This solvent is also effective ,with various other .synthetic pla stic s.

'7Ho,wever., yother soli/.vents and solventernixtures maybeemployed. and `the presentinvention `is-inet limited to this Aparticular .coznpo .A restrainingmember .56 .Whi is .generally 'ladderfshaped is `positioned to .one side @of fthe Ytable V2l while a pronged holding rnernber |65! fis bolted .or otherwise securely Vfastened vto the. op-

posite edge of the table 2| with its prongs disposed slightly `-above .the level vof .the basin BI. ,fIfhe length o .f .netted `open--rnesh ymaterial .is ,passed from Va Vstorage `o ontainer 63 upward .and

is .interlaced between .the rungs `.of `the ladder` shaped restraining .member B6 from which it ris .brought `generally horizontally aeross to lthe ypronged holding member .El onto 1which yits free .end is placed, S0 that the `Strip extends in .een- Clally taut Ponfit-OH Slightly .3100518 the level .of the .basin 6|` and .somewhat the near of 'the 'basin but in 4front of the `female die-,member '.213 as indicated in Figure 8. 'lihe interlacing .of the length l.| with the punge of `,the ladderhaped restraining member -66 provides .suiicient v`friction to keep the Vhorizontal.straight-line porition Il-a .of the length Il generally `taut with.- .out excessive slackening o r sagging.

.The process for yapplying.-tlf ie-individtlal :sleeves .Qrslips I5 to the length H .0f netted opennmesh .material is generally ,as .follows The Alength l.' .0f materiel ksla-.eed wir-hin the container .6B and one .of its tree lends fis .brought upward and laces! temmen the :ladder- .shapel member $5 .and is then broughthorizon.- 'telly @Grasses at les spdiisskedsn to. the

.'.pi'onged .hairline-member .|61 so that ithe morizontalportiml thuissingenerallyftautpositionas .described above. .'Ihecenter-.part of the portion .I a` is :then grasped by-:itheioperatorsandthrcught .downto the,.j.position sho.wnzinidash-dot lines at fl .I-.byin :Figure 8 lwherein iticontacts :thenpadfl Ilrewlength of materialiisthenu'ubbed zan'derolled ,backrandforth mpon-the padnli sotthatitlis` Wet by the solvent.

Thereafter,.theimoistenedgor wettedportion of .the :length of :material is `fmoved by :the .roper- .fator anitlzpassedxacrossLtheinpper arm i3() of =the Wipes against :the .strips 43 (protruding down- .ward :from .the .-nosello'f fthe pay-out member g5|) and itransfers :some of `.thel fsolven't Lto` Vthe .strips lll-3.

With the length ilfl `thus .in os'ition :within fthe `J-shap'eol die 32H., `the `:operator :presses Iany appropriate `'.Feotdpetlal fonct shown) :so as ito cause the :shaft :42 and `the :cam fm' to rotate.

Rotationof the fcarn 42| `.causes Ethe shaitl .and the .male'fdie-member `it -to be moved downward tromtheuppermost positiensshown-in solid lines ,in .Figure .9 to -thefintermediate 'position shown .in dash-dot l-lines .in Figure 9.

The shaft 48 and the power-roll 47 vare synchronized `with vthe shaft .|42 :so that-.during lthis preliminary movement o'f '1t-he ma'le die-member g3`6, the strips 43 .of @plastic .are `payed out .trom gthe .position .showniin solid lines "in Fig-ure 9 vto the .position :shown :in Adash-do`t ines in Figure 9 (wherein fthey .extend :downward :along `the la-rrn Further rotation of the shaft i112 and Pthe cam 41| causes .the male :die-member 36 to Vmove i'fur- .ther downward, lthe `strips yof plastic -3be'ing `out by the shear-lip 55 in cooperationwiththeshear- .lip 31|. .As the imale die-'member "36 continues .to move downward, Zit rolls the :severed ends Aof the kstrips 43 `around fthe wlength flfl, tightly com- .pressing the ,intervening fopen-mesh 'material iin the process, after which the concave edgedfcon taots l:the strip .ill and forces the yfemale -diemember .23 `downward .against ithe pressure of its spring 26, .to the lowerirnos't position shown :in Figure 10.

This downward movement of the `male diemernber .3B and the female die-'member -23 Aforces .'.theglength of .materialIf-I against thecutting edge .3.4 .of the :cuttingeblade 33"-thereby severing' the :intervening portion IIS 1along the lli-nes *I1-H vof Figure .3 (the pcutting-b'lade 33 being `positiened within the .slots 132 ...and 5'in `Jthe lowerrnost vposition .of the .two die-members?) That part of 'the `portion v16 intervening the rolled up .sleeves 15 of synthetic plastic, which 4:is severed .by the iside .edges-of the `cutting-edge iii4 ltcooperating with the slotted edge54 of -t'l'e .male idleanember 136') enters the venlarged upper yend ,of theislo't 256. and .falls volf-:ar of `the male die- :member :3B on the :return stroke thereof.

The length of y.the `severed `ends of the lplastic `strips `43 are .so proportioned relative to the Acircumference .of :the intervening' "length 1| that their `ends overlap .as indicated particularly in .Figure x6. Under the '.ac't'iono'f` `the solvent "(ias manner .described-above.) andcf the heatgenerated` `bynthe coils 35, fthe. overlapping 'ends of l'the severedVv strips S adhere to eachother so as to form a moreor less permanent continuousV collar or sleeve encircling the length il at spaced intervalsas indicated particularly in Figure 3.

The solvent'also causesl the plastic strips 43 to adhere, at least partially, tov the surface threads of the underlying length H` thereby providing a more secure connection of the sleeves l to the length I I.

The action of the heat and the solvent alsov tends to cause the individual threads of theJ openmesh fabric to adhere to each other in the zones underlying the sleeves or collars so that there is at least `a partial bonding of the open-mesh material in said Zones which serves to reduce' the stress on the sleeves or collars and thereby insures more secure connections.

After themale die-member '36 reaches the lowermost position shown-in Figure 10, it automatically returnsto the uppermost position shown in solid lines in Figure 9, under the action of its spring 4D ready for another operation.

During this cutting operation, an individual hair-net has been formed (corresponding to that portion of the length Il extending from the diemember to the pronged holding-member y lil). This hair-net is removed by the operator, and the free end of the strip il is then pulledf tight along the line II-a, and aflixed to the pronged holding-member 67, whereupon the operation is repeated.

According to the present invention, iti is possible to obtain a hair-net in which the cut ends are securely andpermanently held together1 by small, unobtrusive strips of synthetic plastic (which may be colored to correspond to the color of the hair-net so as to make them even less conspicuous) whose ends are generally permanently bonded to provide more or less continuous annular sleeves or slips and which are, at least in part, more or less permanently bonded to the synthetic plastic threads or yarn of whichthe hair-net is constructed. i

fortable and which does not have any sharp edges or corners, such as might scratch the head or neck of the wearer.

At the same time, the bonded connection of the sleeves `i5 to the synthetic plastic material of the hair-net eliminates the possibility of the sleeves or clips pulling loose.

By positioning the sleeves or clips a short distance in from the ends of the hair net, as described above, small puifs or tassels are formed which further conceal the sleeves and protect against accidental scratching of the head o1- neck of the wearer. The fact that the sleeves are applied` under considerable pressure causes compression of the intervening portions of the hairnet as indicated schematically in Figure 6, and results in a spreading apart or expansion of the tassels I8 so as further to protect against pulling loose of the sleeves or clips. While the shear openvmesh material has been referred to hereinabove as constructed of nylon or other synthetic plastic yarn, the present invention also contemplates a .hair-net constructed of cotton or other textile yarn having a surface coating of nylon or other synthetic plastic material so that the threads n.are capable of adhering to .each other and to the fastening sleeves or clips l5 under the action of "the heat and of the solvent as described above.

Accordingly, the term "synthetic plastic, as

used inthe Yappended claims with reference to lthe. open-mesh netted material, contemplates plastic-coated thread or yarn as well as all-plastic thread or yarn.

For the strips 43 I prefer to employ a thermoplastic material so that, under the action of the heat and pressure of the die, the overlapping ends of the strips can fuse together as described above, and, in addition, the strips can be more or less permanently molded into a circular configuration, thereby to minimize the possibility of it coming loose.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and vdesire to protect by Letters Paten-t:

1.y VIn a process ofthe character described; the steps which comprise longitudinally stretching into a substantially tubular or rope-like strip a length of sheer open-mesh netted fabric formed at least in part by synthetic plastic threads, moistening a relatively small annular area of the stretched length with a volatile solvent for the synthetic plastic, thereafter applying two strips of synthetic plastic material to the moistened area in longitudinally-spaced tightly encircling relationship to said moistened area whilesaid area is still wet, and thereafter drying the moistened area whereby the inner surfaces of said strips are more or less permanently adhered to at least some of the underlying synthetic plastic' threads of said fabric under the dissolving action of the solvent upon said threads and said strips.

2. In a process of the character described; the steps which comprise longitudinally stretching into a substantially tubular or rope-like strip a length of sheer open-mesh netted fabric" formed at least in part of synthetic plastic threads, moistening a relatively small annular area of the stretched length with a volatile solvent foi` the synthetic plas-tic, thereafter applyingtwo strips of synthetic plastic material, in longitudinallyspaced tightly encircling relationship to" said moistened area while said area is still wet, thereafter drying the moistened area whereby the inner surfaces of said strips are more or less permanently adhered to at least some of the underlying synthetic plastic threads of said fabric under the dissolving action of the solvent upon said threads and said strips, and cutting said fabric intermediate said laterally-spaced strips, thereby to form small protective tufts at the outer edges of said strips.

3. In a process of the character described; the steps which comprise longitudinally stretching into a substantially tubular or rope-like strip a length of sheer open-mesh netted fabric formed vstretched length with a volatile solvent for the synthetic plastic thereafter applying two strips of thermoplastic synthetic resin -to the moistened area in longitudinally-spaced tightly encircling relationship to said area while said area is still wet, with the ends of the strips in overlapping relationship, subjecting the so-applied strips to the action of heat and pressure, and thereafter drying the moistened area whereby the over-lapping ends of said strips are more or less permanently fused together to form a generally continuous annulus and whereby the inner surfaces of said strips are more or less permanen-tly adhered to at least some of the underlying synthetic plastic threads under the dissolving action of the solvent upon said threads and said strips.

4. In a process of the character described; the steps which comprise longitudinally stretching into a substantially tubular or rope-like strip a Wet, with the ends of the strips in overlapping relationship, subjecting the so-applied strips to the action of heat and pressure, thereafter drying the moistened area whereby the over-lapping ends of said strips are more or less permanently fused together to form a generally continuous annulus and whereby the inner surfacesV of said strips are more or less permanently adhered to at least some of the underlying synthetic plastic threads under the dissolving action of the solvent upon said threads and said stri-ps, and cutting said fabric intermediate said longitudinallyspaced strips, thereby to form small protective tufts at the outer edges of said strips.

5. A hair-net consisting of the combination of a length of open-mesh nylon fabric, relatively small fastening sleeves tightly encircling the fabric so as to provide a gathered zone near but spaced from each end of the length of fabric, each of said sleeves being a strip of plastic material permanently adhered to the nylon fabric contiguous thereto, some of the threads of the nylon fabric being permanently adhered to each other within the sleeve, the strip of plastic material being permanently adhered to itself in overlapping relation to form the sleeve, and soft tufts of spread-apart nylon fabric at each end of the length of fabric providing cushioning for the edges and surfaces of the sleeves.

HENRY F. GOLDSMITH.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,512,162 Dennis Oct. 21, 1924 2,130,359 Miller Sept. 20, 1938 2,142,201 Mayer Jan. 3, 1939 2,265,983 Aibel Dec. 16, 1941 2,428,071 Goldsmith Sept. 30, 1947 

